Evaluating the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Across Different Cancer Types: Focusing on Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer and Melanoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62051/8hkm3p85Keywords:
Immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitor; tumor microenvironment; programmed cell death protein 1.Abstract
Lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma are three of the most studied cancers at the moment due to their high incidence and mortality rates. Recently, immune therapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) drugs, are being studied and developed to cope with these cancers. Clinical trials have shown significant improvements in cancer treatments after using the ICI drugs including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors. This review covers the efficacy of using different ICI drugs in treating NSCLC, TNBC, and melanoma. The results demonstrated overall improvements in OS, PFS, and ORR rates in patients who received ICI treatments. Besides, some approved combination therapies show even more significant improvement in the therapeutic effects of ICI drugs. However, there are still challenges, such as the toxicity of ICI drugs, left to be solved. This review provides insights for future studies on further development of combined therapies and personalized treatments. The aim is to minimize the adverse effects of ICI and increase the efficacy of the drugs at the same time.
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