The evolving landscape of cancer-causing viruses and clinical trials for vaccine development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62051/bxfbaq66Keywords:
Oncogenic Viruses; Cancer Vaccines; Clinical Trials; HPV; Immunotherapy.Abstract
Viral infections cause some of the world's most deadly cancers, including cervical, liver and nasopharyngeal cancers. In this review, we spotlight the major oncogenic viruses (HPV, HBV/HCV, EBV and others) describing their mechanisms of carcinogenesis and pathogenetic impact. With a primary focus on the landscape of vaccine development, we review preventative vaccines that have had broad success in reducing cancer (for HPV and HBV). The study also includes an overview of current Phase I and II clinical trials for both prophylactic and immunotherapeutic vaccines against viral infections like EBV, HCV, and HTLV-1. Although substantial hurdles remain, especially for viruses with high genetic diversity, the research underscores encouraging progress in mRNA-, DNA- and T-cell-based immunotherapies and the pivotal need for further research to ultimately conquer global cancer.
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