Semaglutide as a Novel Therapeutic Agent for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming more common around the world, creating serious health and economic challenges. There is a growing need for treatments that are not only effective but also safe and easy to use over a long period. In recent years, a group of drugs called glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists （GLP-1RA） has gained attention for their ability to lower blood sugar and support weight loss. One of the most promising of these drugs is semaglutide, which has shown strong results in both clinical studies and real-world use. However, some parts of how semaglutide works in the body are still not fully understood, especially its effects in different groups of people and over many years of treatment. This article reviews semaglutide’s development, including how scientists changed its structure to make it last longer in the body and resist breakdown. It explains how semaglutide works to lower blood glucose, reduce appetite, and help with weight loss by acting on both the pancreas and the brain. It also compares semaglutide to other similar drugs and explains why it is more effective and widely used. These findings help researchers better understand semaglutide and how it could lead to better treatments for metabolic diseases. Still, future studies should explore its long-term safety, how it works in different patients, and how it could be combined with other therapies to improve results.