Nature as Medicine: Exploring Health Benefits of Forest Bathing

Abstract

The accelerating rate of urbanisation correlates with an increase in mental health issues, including anxiety and depression. While pharmacological treatments remain common, they come with side effects and limited long-term efficacy. In recent years, nature-based interventions, particularly forest bathing (Shinrin-yoku), have received increasing attention for their potential psychological and physiological benefits. However, the application of such nature-based public health strategy remains limited, and more future research is needed. This paper evaluates several current research in the benefits and application of forest bathing, with a special focus on the integration of forest bathing into China’s public health framework. Based on empirical studies and theoretical models like Attention Restoration Theory and Stress Recovery Theory, this review examines how forest bathing contributes to emotional regulation, cortisol reduction, cardiovascular improvement, and immune system enhancement. It also analysis the efficacy of forest bathing in vulnerable populations including students, elders, and urban residents. By analyzing the research findings and cultural background of forest bathing in China through the traditional “Yang Sheng” practices, this paper argues for a broader application of this strategy in mental health improvement, elderly care, and urban planning. Future research s needed to develop standardized guidelines, address inequality in green space access, and long-term clinical outcomes in diverse populations.