Mechanism And Application Status Of CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy

Abstract

With the continuous increase in the incidence and mortality of cancer, finding more accurate and effective treatment methods has become an important direction of medical research. As an important technological breakthrough in the field of tumor treatment in recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy transforms T cells through genetic engineering to enable them to specifically recognize and kill tumor cells, overcoming many limitations of traditional treatment methods such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery. This article systematically introduces the basic principles and mechanisms of CAR-T cell immunotherapy, and reviews its clinical application and initial results in hematological malignancies. At the same time, this article also deeply analyzes the challenges currently faced by CAR-T therapy in clinical promotion, including the impact of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment on efficacy, the difficulty in controlling side effects such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, and the high cost of treatment. To address these challenges, researchers are actively exploring improvement strategies such as multi-target CAR-T cells and "armored" CAR-T cells. Looking to the future, CAR-T cell therapy is expected to achieve a wider range of disease applications, and make greater breakthroughs in ensuring safety and improving treatment effects, becoming one of the core forces in anti-tumor treatment.