Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, And Treatments Of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

The acute ischemic stroke has a high mortality, resulting in high importance of its information. The treatment of acute ischemic stroke still needs more effective therapy, and society needs more attention on this disease. This paper reviews the past research and statistics on risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatments of the acute ischemic stroke. For the risk factors, some of the factors are related to the lifestyle in modern society, and some of the factors are medical and biological factors or related to other diseases. Many risk factors are highly related to an unhealthy lifestyle. For the pathophysiology, this paper analyzes the severity of the irreversible damage to the nervous system caused by the acute ischemic stroke. Currently, there are various treatments for ischemic stroke; the main treatment is intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, the main drug for this treatment is alteplase, and this paper analyzes its mechanism, efficacy, side effects, and biosimilars. Although alteplase has some serious side effects, its efficacy has been proven and still shows advantages in safety and effectiveness. This paper provides material for future research and provides information for society. Caused by the limitations, some of the risk factors are not 100% determined as risk factors and need to be proven by analyzing the mechanism. The improvement of treatment should also be a direction for future research, even choosing other ways other than intravenous tissue plasminogen activator, and neuroprotectants should also be considered to minimize the damage.